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- Kotz CM et al, 1990, In vitro antibacterial effect of yogurt on Escherichia coli PubMed
- Nummer BA, 2002, Fermenting yogurt at home National Center for Home Food Preservation
- Varga L, 2007, Microbiological quality of commercial dairy products Formatex Research Center
- Belitz HD et al, 2009, Sour milk Food Chemistry, 4th Edition, p.523
- 2008, Uses of whey in the farmstead setting University of Wisconsin-Madison
- Analyzing juice and wine University of California, Davis
- Dharmadhikari M, Red wine production Iowa State University, Extension and Outreach
- Cortez P et al, 2008, Modeling wine preferences by data mining from physicochemical properties MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
- Waite JG, 2004, Antimicrobial properties of wine based disinfectant Oregon State University
- pH University of Wyoming
- von Fraunhofer JA et al, 2004, Dissolution of dental enamel in soft drinks Philadelphia University
- Treatment of distilled alcoholic liquors Google Patents
- Chen C et al, 2000, Changes in major components of tea fungus metabolites during prolonged fermentation Wiley Online Library
- Sievers M et al, 1995, Microbiology and Fermentation Balance in a Kombucha Beverage Obtained from a Tea Fungus Fermentation ScienceDirect
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pH Values of Common Beverages and Foods
Chart 1. pH Values of Common Beverages and Foods |
|
| BEVERAGE/FOOD | pH |
| Mineral water | 4.0-11.6 |
| Tap water [12] | 6.5-8.5 |
| SOFT DRINKS [13] | |
| Cola – regular [13] | 2.65 |
| Cola – diet [13] | 3.0-3.2 |
| Ginger ale | 2.0-4.0 |
| Iced tea | 2.8-3.6 |
| Root beer | 4.0-4.8 |
| FRUIT and VEGETABLE JUICES [22] | |
| Apple juice | 3.3-5.6 |
| Apricot nectar | 3.8 |
| Carrot juice | 6.4 |
| Cranberry juice | 2.3-2.5 |
| Grape juice | 3.3-3.5 |
| Grapefruit juice, canned | 2.9-3.3 |
| Lemon juice [21] | 2.0-2.6 |
| Lime juice | 2.0-2.4 |
| Mango juice | 4.6 |
| Orange juice | 3.3-4.3 |
| Pear juice | 3.7 |
| Pineapple juice | 3.2-3.9 |
| Pomegranate juice | 3.5 |
| Prune juice | 3.7-4.0 |
| Tomato juice | 4.1-4.6 |
| Vegetable juice | 3.9-4.3 |
| TEA [13] | 7.2 |
| COFFEE [13] | 6.2 |
| ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES [19] | |
| Beer [25] | 4.0-5.0 |
| Cider [25] | 2.9-3.3 |
| Kombucha tea [15,16,17] | 2.4-4.5 |
| Rum [14] | 4.8 |
| Tequila | 3.2 |
| Vodka | 6.0-7.0 |
| Whisky [14] | 9.0 |
| Wine [8,9,10,11] | 2.7-4.0 |
| FRUITS [22,23] | |
| Apples | 3.2-4.0 |
| Apricots | 3.3-4.8 |
| Banana | 4.5-5.3 |
| Blackberries | 3.2-4.5 |
| Blueberries | 3.1-3.7 |
| Cherries | 3.2-4.1 |
| Currants, red | 2.9 |
| Dates | 4.1-6.6 |
| Gooseberries | 2.8-3.1 |
| Grapes | 2.8-4.5 |
| Grapefruits | 3.0-3.8 |
| Lemon | 2.2-2.4 |
| Lime | 1.8-2.8 |
| Mango, ripe | 3.4-4.8 |
| Nectarines | 3.9-4.2 |
| Oranges | 3.1-4.3 |
| Peaches | 3.3-4.1 |
| Pears | 3.5-4.6 |
| Pineapple | 3.2-5.2 |
| Plums | 2.8-4.6 |
| Pomegranate | 3.0 |
| Prunes | 3.1-5.4 |
| Quince | 3.1-3.3 |
| Raisins | 3.8-4.1 |
| Raspberries | 3.2-4.0 |
| Strawberries | 3.0-3.9 |
| Tangerines | 3.3-4.5 |
| VEGETABLES [22,23] | |
| Artichokes, canned | 4.3-6 |
| Asparagus | 4.0-6.0 |
| Cucumbers, dill pickles | 3.2-3.7 |
| Olives, green | 3.6-3.8 |
| Onions | 5.3-5.6 |
| Potatoes | 5.4-5.9 |
| Rhubarb | 3.1-3.4 |
| Sauerkraut | 3.3-3.6 |
| Tomatoes | 4.3-4.9 |
| DAIRY PRODUCTS [23] | |
| Acidophilus | 4.0 |
| Butter cream | 4.0-4.6 |
| Buttermilk [5] | 4.5 |
| Cheese | 4.9-7.4 |
| Kefir: fresh >72 hours [20] | 6.7 > 3.8 |
| Milk [21,23] | 6.3-8.5 |
| Sour milk [6] | 4.7-5.7 |
| Whey drink, acid [7] | 4.0-5.0 |
| Yogurt [24] | 4.6 |
| SAUCES | |
| Chili sauce, acidified [25] | 2.8-3.7 |
| Ketchup [22] | 3.9 |
| Mayonnaise [23] | 4.2-4.5 |
| Mustard [25] | 3.5-6.0 |
| Soy sauce [25] | 4.4-5.4 |
| Vinegar [22] | 2.0-3.4 |
| OTHER | |
| Honey [22,23] | 3.7-4.2 |
| Jams, jellies, marmalades [22] | 2.9-4.5 |
Chart 1 sources: [1-25]
Alcohol
- Alcohol chemical and physical properties
- Alcoholic beverages types (beer, wine, spirits)
- Denatured alcohol
- Alcohol absorption, metabolism, elimination
- Alcohol and body temperature
- Alcohol and the skin
- Alcohol, appetite and digestion
- Neurological effects of alcohol
- Alcohol, hormones and neurotransmitters
- Alcohol and pain
- Alcohol, blood pressure, heart disease and stroke
- Women, pregnancy, children and alcohol
- Alcohol tolerance
- Alcohol, blood glucose and diabetes
- Alcohol intolerance, allergy and headache
- Alcohol and psychological disorders
- Alcohol and vitamin, mineral and protein deficiency
- Alcohol-drug interactions
- Fructose
- Galactose
- Glucose
- Isomaltose
- Isomaltulose
- Lactose
- Maltose
- Mannose
- Sucrose
- Tagatose
- Trehalose
- Trehalulose
- Xylose
- Erythritol
- Glycerol
- Hydrogenated starch hydrolysates (HSH)
- Inositol
- Isomalt
- Lactitol
- Maltitol
- Mannitol
- Sorbitol
- Xylitol
- Fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS)
- Galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS)
- Human milk oligosaccharides (HMO)
- Isomalto-oligosaccharides (IMO)
- Maltotriose
- Mannan oligosaccharides (MOS)
- Raffinose, stachyose, verbascose
- SOLUBLE FIBER:
- Acacia (arabic) gum
- Agar-agar
- Algin-alginate
- Arabynoxylan
- Beta-glucan
- Beta mannan
- Carageenan gum
- Carob or locust bean gum
- Fenugreek gum
- Galactomannans
- Gellan gum
- Glucomannan or konjac gum
- Guar gum
- Hemicellulose
- Inulin
- Karaya gum
- Pectin
- Polydextrose
- Psyllium husk mucilage
- Resistant starches
- Tara gum
- Tragacanth gum
- Xanthan gum
- INSOLUBLE FIBER:
- Cellulose
- Chitin and chitosan
- FATTY ACIDS
- Saturated
- Monounsaturated
- Polyunsaturated
- Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs)
- Medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs)
- Long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs)
- Very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs)
- Monoglycerides
- Diglycerides
- Triglycerides
- Vitamin A - Retinol and retinal
- Vitamin B1 - Thiamine
- Vitamin B2 - Riboflavin
- Vitamin B3 - Niacin
- Vitamin B5 - Pantothenic acid
- Vitamin B6 - Pyridoxine
- Vitamin B7 - Biotin
- Vitamin B9 - Folic acid
- Vitamin B12 - Cobalamin
- Choline
- Vitamin C - Ascorbic acid
- Vitamin D - Ergocalciferol and cholecalciferol
- Vitamin E - Tocopherol
- Vitamin K - Phylloquinone
- Curcumin
- FLAVONOIDS:
- Anthocyanidins
- Flavanols: Proanthocyanidins
- Flavanones: Hesperidin
- Flavonols: Quercetin
- Flavones: Diosmin, Luteolin
- Isoflavones: daidzein, genistein
- Caffeic acid
- Chlorogenic acid
- Lignans
- Resveratrol
- Tannins
- Tannic acid
